Difference between revisions of "ISO Images"
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For example, if your CD drive is on <code>/dev/hdc</code>: | For example, if your CD drive is on <code>/dev/hdc</code>: | ||
cdrecord -v blank=fast -multi -tao -data speed=16 dev=/dev/hdc isoimagename.iso | cdrecord -v blank=fast -multi -tao -data speed=16 dev=/dev/hdc isoimagename.iso | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Burn ISO (image) to a DVD== | ||
+ | growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/hda=foo.iso -speed=16 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Misc DVD burning examples== | ||
+ | *Blank (zero-over) a rewritable DVD (''note: not required before burning, but erases sensitive data''): | ||
+ | growisofs -Z /dev/dvd=/dev/zero | ||
+ | *Burn a data DVD: | ||
+ | growisofs -dvd-compat -speed=2 -Z /dev/dvd -R -J -pad /path/to/file1 /path/to/file2 | ||
+ | *Burn data file to DVD: | ||
+ | growisofs -Z /dev/dvd -R -J /path/to/file | ||
+ | *Burn a data backup DVD using more mkisofs commands (''note: works on DVD+R and double layer DVD+R DL''): | ||
+ | **Example 1 (''note: may not be DOS-compatible because of long file name support, possible leading dot, or multi-dot filenames''): | ||
+ | growisofs -speed=8 -Z /dev/dvd -R -J -allow-multidot -allow-leading-dots -l -pad -graft-points "/home/user1=/home/user1" | ||
+ | **Example 2 (''note: write a DVD which MS Windows can read - but not MS-DOS due to the "-l" option and long filenames''): | ||
+ | growisofs -dvd-compat speed=2 -Z /dev/dvd -R -J -pad -graft-points "/DirectoryNameA=/home/user1/DirectoryNameA" "/SubDirectoryNameC=/home/user1/DirectoryNameB/SubDirectoryNameC" | ||
==Mount an ISO image in Linux== | ==Mount an ISO image in Linux== |
Revision as of 04:43, 2 June 2007
This article will explain how to make ISO images in a Linux environment and various other things you can do with/to ISO images. Everything will be done from the CLI (or command line).
Contents
ISO from CD/DVD
To make an ISO from your CD/DVD, place the media in your drive but do not mount it. If it "automounts", unmount it (eg, umount /dev/cdrom).
- For a DVD:
dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso
- For a CD:
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso
- For a CD (as SCSI):
dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso
also,
cat /dev/cdrecorder >> /home/username/isoimagename.iso
ISO from files on Hard Drive (HDD)
To make an ISO from files on an HDD, create a directory which holds the files you place in your ISO image. Then use the mkisofs command.
- Example commands:
mkisofs -o /tmp/cd.iso /tmp/directory/
This results in a file called cd.iso
in folder /tmp
which contains all the files and directories in /tmp/directory/
.
mkisofs -o isoimagename.iso -J -r /home/username/directory_for_iso
where -J
means use "Joliet" (i.e., generate Joliet directory records in addition to regular iso9660 file names. This is primarily useful when the discs are to be used on Windows-NT or Windows-95 machines). The -r
is for the directory and file permissions, user/group IDs, etc.
Burn ISO (image) to a CD
Once you have built your .iso
, you can burn this image to a CD using:
cdrecord -v speed=8 dev=ATA:1,1,0 isoimagename.iso
where the dev
parameters can be found by issuing the following as root:
cdrecord -scanbus
Note: You should use 'dev=/dev/hdX
' with v2.6 and later kernels.
For example, if your CD drive is on /dev/hdc
:
cdrecord -v blank=fast -multi -tao -data speed=16 dev=/dev/hdc isoimagename.iso
Burn ISO (image) to a DVD
growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/hda=foo.iso -speed=16
Misc DVD burning examples
- Blank (zero-over) a rewritable DVD (note: not required before burning, but erases sensitive data):
growisofs -Z /dev/dvd=/dev/zero
- Burn a data DVD:
growisofs -dvd-compat -speed=2 -Z /dev/dvd -R -J -pad /path/to/file1 /path/to/file2
- Burn data file to DVD:
growisofs -Z /dev/dvd -R -J /path/to/file
- Burn a data backup DVD using more mkisofs commands (note: works on DVD+R and double layer DVD+R DL):
- Example 1 (note: may not be DOS-compatible because of long file name support, possible leading dot, or multi-dot filenames):
growisofs -speed=8 -Z /dev/dvd -R -J -allow-multidot -allow-leading-dots -l -pad -graft-points "/home/user1=/home/user1"
- Example 2 (note: write a DVD which MS Windows can read - but not MS-DOS due to the "-l" option and long filenames):
growisofs -dvd-compat speed=2 -Z /dev/dvd -R -J -pad -graft-points "/DirectoryNameA=/home/user1/DirectoryNameA" "/SubDirectoryNameC=/home/user1/DirectoryNameB/SubDirectoryNameC"
Mount an ISO image in Linux
It is possible to mount an ISO image in Linux just like any device or file system. This is a convenient way of backing up your CDs and DVDs onto your hard drive and be able to read all of the files on these discs. It is also a good way to check your ISO images before burning them to disc.
- Step 1: Create a mount point for the ISO:
mkdir /mnt/iso
- Step 2: Now mount the ISO in the mount point with the following command:
mount myiso.iso /mnt/iso -t iso9660 -o ro,loop=/dev/loop0
where myiso.iso
is your ISO file.
You can also place the above mount command in your /etc/fstab
file for automatic mounting upon boot up (and as a "permanent" mount).
If you wish to mount more than one ISO image, you can use a different device (e.g. /dev/loop1
). By default you have 8 loop devices (loop0 - loop7
). You can extend this number up to 255. To do this, you will need to edit your /usr/src/linux/drivers/block/loop.c
file and change the following:
#define MAX_LOOP 8
to
#define MAX_LOOP 255
and then rebuild the module. (see here: Linux Loop Devices for details.)
Automount ISO images as user
The above section showed how to mount an ISO as root. However, if you wish to allow users to mount images, you will need to change the procedure a bit.
- Step 1: Create a soft link to a generic ISO file
Let's say you have an ISO called foo.iso
. Create a soft link to this file:
ln -s foo.iso /home/bob/images/my.iso
- Step 2: Add the following to your
/etc/fstab
file:
/home/bob/images/my.iso /mnt/iso auto ro,loop=/dev/loop0,user 0 0
- Step 3: Mount the ISO as user
mount /mnt/iso
That's it!
isotools
Jörg Schilling, author of cdrtools (with mkisofs and cdda2wav) and K3b, has created a utility-pack called isotools. It ships with the following utilities:
- isodebug
- isodump
- isoinfo
- isovfy
As an example, if you have an ISO called foo.iso
, you can view its contents (i.e. files) with this command:
isoinfo -i foo.iso -f -R -J | less
Encrypt CDs/DVDs
mkisofs -r backup | aespipe -e aes256 > backup.iso modprobe aes # as root modprobe cryptoloop # as root
- Mount the ISO (see above):
mount -t iso9660 backup.iso /mnt/iso -o loop=/dev/loop0,encryption=aes256
- Mount the burnt CD/DVD:
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/iso -o loop=/dev/loop0,encryption=aes256
See: http://loop-aes.sourceforge.net/
devs
In "dev=ATA:x,y,z
", x
is 'channel', y
is 0
for 'master' and 1
for 'slave', z
seems to always be zero (not sure why).
Thus,
devs | |||
---|---|---|---|
IDE Port | Master/slave | Device | cdrecord |
1 | master | /dev/hda |
"dev=ATA:0,0,0 "
|
1 | slave | /dev/hdb |
"dev=ATA:0,1,0 "
|
2 | master | /dev/hdc |
"dev=ATA:1,0,0 "
|
2 | slave | /dev/hdd |
"dev=ATA:1,1,0 "
|
3 | master | /dev/hde |
etc. |
3 | slave | /dev/hdf |
|
4 | master | /dev/hdg |
|
4 | slave | /dev/hdh |