Pv
pv (Pipe Viewer) is a terminal-based tool for monitoring the progress of data through a pipeline. It can be inserted into any normal pipeline between two processes to give a visual indication of how quickly data is passing through, how long it has taken, how near to completion it is, and an estimate of how long it will be until completion.
Additional support is available for multiple instances working in tandem, to given a visual indicator of relative throughput in a complex pipeline.
Example usage
pv allows a user to see the progress of data through a pipeline, by giving information such as time elapsed, percentage completed (with progress bar), current throughput rate, total data transferred, and ETA.
To use it, insert it in a pipeline between two processes, with the appropriate options. Its standard input will be passed through to its standard output and progress will be shown on standard error.
pv will copy each supplied FILE in turn to standard output (- means standard input), or if no FILEs are specified just standard input is copied. This is the same behaviour as cat(1).
- A simple example to watch how quickly a file is transferred using nc(1):
$ pv file | nc -w 1 somewhere.com 3000
- A similar example, transferring a file from another process and passing the expected size to
pv:
$ cat file | pv -s 12345 | nc -w 1 somewhere.com 3000
- A more complicated example using numeric output to feed into the
dialog(1)program for a full-screen progress display:
$ (tar cf - . \
| pv -n -s $(du -sb . | awk '{print $1}') \
| gzip -9 > out.tgz) 2>&1 \
| dialog --gauge 'Progress' 7 70
- Convert a tarball from bzip2 compression to gzip:
$ pv -cN source < foobar.tar.bz2 | bzcat | pv -cN bzcat | gzip -9 | pv -cN gzip >foobar.tar.gz
source: 7.32MB 0:00:05 [ 1.3MB/s] [===================> ] 50% ETA 0:01:23
gzip: 8.96MB 0:00:05 [1.56MB/s] [ <=> ]
bzcat: 45.3MB 0:00:05 [7.91MB/s] [ <=> ]
$ pv --help Usage: pv [OPTION] [FILE]... Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output, with monitoring. -p, --progress show progress bar -t, --timer show elapsed time -e, --eta show estimated time of arrival (completion) -r, --rate show data transfer rate counter -a, --average-rate show data transfer average rate counter -b, --bytes show number of bytes transferred -f, --force output even if standard error is not a terminal -n, --numeric output percentages, not visual information -q, --quiet do not output any transfer information at all -c, --cursor use cursor positioning escape sequences -W, --wait display nothing until first byte transferred -s, --size SIZE set estimated data size to SIZE bytes -l, --line-mode count lines instead of bytes -i, --interval SEC update every SEC seconds -w, --width WIDTH assume terminal is WIDTH characters wide -H, --height HEIGHT assume terminal is HEIGHT rows high -N, --name NAME prefix visual information with NAME -L, --rate-limit RATE limit transfer to RATE bytes per second -B, --buffer-size BYTES use a buffer size of BYTES -R, --remote PID update settings of process PID -h, --help show this help and exit -V, --version show version information and exit Please report any bugs to Andrew Wood <andrew.wood@ivarch.com>.
