View source for List of Latin words with English derivatives

This is a list of '''Latin words with derivatives in English''' (and other modern languages).

Note that ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also [[Latin spelling and pronunciation]].

==Nouns and adjectives==
The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English derivatives from Latin nouns are generally derived.

{|cellPadding=1 cellSpacing=0 border=1
!COLSPAN=4 BGCOLOR="#99CCFF"|Latin Nouns and Adjectives
|-
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Citation form
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Root form
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Meaning
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|English Derivative
|-
|alius||alio-<td>other||alien
|-
|bonus<br>&ndash; melior<br>&ndash; optimus||bono-<br>&ndash; melior-<br>&ndash; optimo-||good<br>&ndash; better<br>&ndash; best||bonus<br>ameliorate<br>optimist
|-
|b&#333;s||bov-||cow||bovine
|-
|canis||can-||dog||canine
|-
|cīvis||civ-||citizen||civil<br>civilian
|-
|di&#275;s||di&#275;-||day||diet
|-
|dominus||domino-||lord||dominion
|-
|domus||domu-||house||domestic
|-
|f&#275;mina||f&#275;mina-||woman||feminine
|-
|hom&#333;||homin-||man (human being)||hominid
|-
|lex||l&#275;g-||law||legal
|-
|l&#363;na||l&#363;na-||moon||lunar
|-
|lupus||lup-||wolf||lupine
|-
|magnus<br>&ndash; m&#257;jor<br>&ndash; maximus||magno-<br>&ndash; m&#257;jor-<br>&ndash; maximo-||big<br>&ndash; bigger <br>&ndash; biggest||magnitude<br>major<br>maximum
|-
|mare||mar-||sea||marine
|-
|m&#257;ter||m&#257;tr-||mother||matron<br>maternal
|-
|nihil, n&#299;l||nihil||nothing||nil<br>nihilism
|-
|onus||oner-||load||exonerate<br>onus
|-
|opus||oper-||work||operation<br>opera
|-
|pater||patr-||father||patron<br>paternal
|-
|rex||r&#275;g-||king||regal
|-
|r&#363;s||r&#363;r-||farm||rural<br>rustic
|-
|terra||terra-||land||terrestrial
|-
|urbs||urb-||city||urban
|-
|villa||villa-||country house||village<br>villa
|-
|vir||viro-||man (male person)||virile
|-
|v&#299;rus||v&#299;ro-||slime, poison||virus<br>viral
|-
|vulpa||vulpa- ||fox ||vulpine 
|-
|}

==Verbs==
The citation form for verbs is the first person singular, present indicative active, for instance ''sum'' meaning ''I am''. English derivatives from Latin verbs are generally based on the present stem or the past stem. Many Latin verbs change the vowel of the first paragraph when combined with a preposition, as shown in the examples given below starting with a hyphen. For instance the word ''capi&#333;''  (take) when combined with the preposition ''in'' gives the compound verb ''incipi&#333;''. In some cases the compound forms show features lost from the simple verb, for instance the initial consonant cluster ''gn'' was simplified in the Latin verb ''gn&#333;sc&#333;'' just as the ''k'' is no longer pronounced in the English equivalent ''know''.

{|cellPadding=1 cellSpacing=0 border=1
!COLSPAN=5 BGCOLOR="#99CCFF"|Latin Verbs
|-
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Citation form
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Present stem
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Perfect stem
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Meaning
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Typical derivative
|-
|ag&#333;||ag-||&#257;ct-||do||agent, action
|-
|audi&#333;||aud-||aud-||hear||audible
|-
|capi&#333;<br>-cipi&#333;||capi-<br>-cipi-||capt-<br>-cept-||take||capable, captive<br>recipient, reception
|-
|c&#275;d&#333;||c&#275;d-||cess-||yield, depart||recede, recession
|-
|claud&#333;<br>-cl&#363;d&#333;||claud-<br>-cl&#363;d-||claus-<br>-cl&#363;s-||close||conclude, conclusive
|-
|faci&#333;<br>-fici&#333;||faci-<br>-fici-||fact-<br>-fect-||make||efficient, effective
|-
|fer&#333;||fer-||l&#257;t-||bring||reference, relation
|-
|f&#299;g&#333;||f&#299;g-||f&#299;x-||fix||crucifixion
|-
|fing&#333;||fing-||fict||fashion, invent||fiction
|-
|gradior<br>-gredior||gradi-<br>-gredi-||gress-<br>-gress-||step||ingredient, progressive
|-
|jaci&#333;<br>-(j)ici&#333;||jaci-<br>(j)ici-||jact-<br>-ject-||throw||projectile
|-
|l&#363;d&#333;||l&#363;d-||l&#363;s-||play||collude, collusion
|-
|merg&#333;||merg-||mers-||dip||emerge, immerse
|-
|mitt&#333;||mitt-||m&#299;s-||send||commit, missive
|-
|n&#333;sc&#333;<br>-gn&#333;sc&#333;||n&#333;sc-<br>-gn&#333;sc-||n&#333;t-<br>-gn&#333;t-, -gnit-||know||notable<br>cognitive
|-
|p&#333;n&#333;||p&#333;n-||posit-||put||component; position
|-
|prem&#333;||prem-||press-||push||pressure, oppress
|-
|rump&#333;||rump-||rupt-||break||rupture
|-
|scr&#299;b&#333;||scr&#299;b-||scr&#299;pt-||write||scripture
|-
|sequor||seq-||seq-||follow||sequence
|-
|sum||es-||fut-||be||essence, future
|-
|vert&#333;||vert-||vers-||turn||reverse
|-
|vide&#333;||vid&#275;-||v&#299;s-||see||vision
|-
|volv&#333;||volv-||vol&#363;t-||roll||revolve, revolution
|}

==Prepositions used to form compound words==

<table cellPadding=0 cellSpacing=0 border=1>
  <tr>
    <th COLSPAN=3 BGCOLOR="#99CCFF">Latin Preposition<tr>
    <th BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">Latin word <th BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">
	Meaning<th BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">
	Compound Form<tr>
	
	<td>&#257;, ab<td>from<td>ab-<tr>
	
	<td>ad<td>up to, near<td>ad-, ac-, ar-, al-<tr>
	
	<td>ante<td>before<td>ante-</tr><tr>
    
    <td>cum<td>with, together<td>con-, coll-<tr>
    
    <td>d&#275;<td>down from, about<td>de-<tr>
    
    <td>&#275;, ex<td>out of<td>ex, e-, ec-<tr>
    
    <td>in<td>in, into<td>in-, im-, ill-<tr>
	
	<td>inter<td>between<td>inter-, intell-<tr>
	
	<td>juxt&#257;<td>near, close to<td>juxt&#257;<tr>
	
	<td>ob<td>towards<td>ob-, occ-<tr>
    
    <td>prae<td>before<td>prae-(pre-)<tr>
    
    <td>re<td>again<td>re-, red-<tr>
    
    <td>se<td>away from<td>s&#275;-<tr>
    
    <td>pr&#333;<td>in front of, on behalf of<td>pr&#333;-<tr>
    
    <td>post<td>after, behind<td>post-<tr>
    
    <td>sub<td>under<td>sub-, sus-, succ-<tr>
    
    <td>super<td>above, on top of<td>super-<tr>
    
    <td>tr&#257;ns<td>across<td>tr&#257;ns-
  </tr>
</table>

==Other parts of speech==
{|cellPadding=1 cellSpacing=0 border=1
!COLSPAN=4 BGCOLOR="#99CCFF"|Latin Nouns and Adjectives
|-
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Latin word
!BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB"|Meaning
|-
|cur?||why?
|-
|et||and
|-
|in||in, on
|-
|is||he, she, it
|-
|id||it, that
|-
|quis||who
|-
|quid||what
|}

==Useful Latin Words and Phrases Vocabulary==
* ''ab''
* ''ac'' (conj.)
* ''ad huc''
* ''ad modum''
* ''aliquam''
* ''aliquando''
* ''aliqui'' -qua -quod
* ''aliquis'' -qua -quid
* ''aliquotiens''
* ''antea''
* ''at'' (form of ad= in addition to)
* ''atque''
* ''atque''...''atque''
* ''atqui''
* ''aut''
* ''aut''...''aut''
* ''autem''
* ''circum''
* ''contra''
* ''coram''
* ''cotidie''
* ''cur''
* ''dehinc''
* ''deinde''
* ''demum''
* ''denique''
* ''diu''
* ''diuturnus'', ''a'', ''um''
* ''donec''
* ''dum''
* ''e'', ''ex''
* ''enim''
* ''eo quod''
* ''et''
* ''etenim''
* ''etiam''
* ''etsi''
* ''extra''
* ''facile''
* ''fortasse''
* ''forte''
* ''frustra''
* ''hodie''
* ''huc''
* ''iam''
* ''ibi''
* ''idcirco''
* ''ideo''
* ''igitur''
* ''illuc''
* ''immo''
* ''in''
* ''inde''
* ''interdum''
* ''interea''
* ''ita''
* ''ita vero''
* ''ita''...''quomodo''
* ''ita''...''ut''
* ''itaque''
* ''iterum''
* ''iuxta''
* ''licet''
* ''minime''
* ''modo''
* ''modo demum''
* ''mox''
* ''nam''
* ''necnon''
* ''nempe''
* ''neque''...''neque''
* ''nihil''
* ''non''
* ''non numquam''
* ''nondum''
* ''nonne''
* ''nonnullus'', -a -um
* ''numquam''
* ''nunc''
* ''nuper''
* ''nusquam''
* ''ob''
* ''ob rem''
* ''olim''
* ''omnis''
* ''opportune''
* ''optime''
* ''paene''
* ''paulatim''
* ''paulisper''
* ''per''
* ''post''
* ''postea''
* ''postmodum''
* ''postquam''
* ''postremo''
* ''postridie''
* ''praeterea''
* ''primo''
* ''prior''
* ''pro''
* ''prope''
* ''quae''
* ''quam ob rem''
* ''quamquam''
* ''quid''
* ''quidnam''
* ''quo modo''
* ''quod''
* ''quoque''
* ''saepe''
* ''sed''
* ''semper''
* ''si''
* ''sicut''
* ''simulac'', ''simulatque''
* ''sine''
* ''statim''
* ''sub''
* ''subito''
* ''tam''
; ''tamen'' : (adv.) nevertheless, yet
; ''tandem'' : (adv.) at length, at last, finally, in the end
; ''tot'' : (v) determine the sum of ; Synonyms: total, tot up, sum, sum up, summate, tote up, add, add together, tally, add up
; ''tum'' : (adv.) then
; ''ubi'' : (interrogative) "Where?"; (relative) "When" or "where"
; ''unde'' : (adv.) whence, from where
; ''ut'' : that, so that, in order to, in order that

== External links ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_words_with_English_derivatives Wikipedia source article]
* [http://www.textkit.com/ Textkit] &mdash; Greek & Latin learning tools.
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform?lang=Latin Search for dictionary headwords]

== See also ==

* [[Classical compound]]
* [[Greek and latin roots]]
* [[Latin]]
* [[List of Greek words with English derivatives]]
* [[List of Latin phrases]]
* [[List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents]]
* [[List of French phrases]]
* [[List of French proverbs]]
* [[List of Greek phrases]]
* [[List of German expressions in English]]
* [[List of German words and phrases]]
* [[French phrases used by English speakers]]
* [[List of Spanish expressions in common English]]

[[Category:Linguistics]]