Difference between revisions of "Category:Linguistics"
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*I had to '''subject''' the '''subject''' to a series of tests. | *I had to '''subject''' the '''subject''' to a series of tests. | ||
*How can I '''intimate''' this to my most '''intimate''' friend? | *How can I '''intimate''' this to my most '''intimate''' friend? | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Useful language-learning sentences== | ||
+ | see: [http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/2007/11/07/how-to-learn-but-not-master-any-language-in-1-hour-plus-a-favor/ How to Learn (But Not Master) Any Language in 1 Hour] | ||
+ | *The apple is red. | ||
+ | *It is John's apple. | ||
+ | *I give John the apple. | ||
+ | *We give him the apple. | ||
+ | *He gives it to John. | ||
+ | *She gives it to him. | ||
+ | *I must give it to him. | ||
+ | *I want to give it to her. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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*[http://home.unilang.org/wiki3/index.php/Main_Page UniLang Wiki] — a database of language- and linguistic-related information | *[http://home.unilang.org/wiki3/index.php/Main_Page UniLang Wiki] — a database of language- and linguistic-related information | ||
*[http://www.webcorp.org.uk/ WebCorp] — The Web as a Corpus | *[http://www.webcorp.org.uk/ WebCorp] — The Web as a Corpus | ||
+ | *[ftp://ftp.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/pub/projects/text.compression.corpus/ Calgary Corpus] | ||
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/utils/text/ concordancer + utils] — by Ralph Meyer of Princeton | *[http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/utils/text/ concordancer + utils] — by Ralph Meyer of Princeton | ||
*[http://www.thinkvitamin.com/features/biz/how-to-name-your-company How To Name Your Company] — (strong consonants: B, C, D, G, K, P, Q, T) | *[http://www.thinkvitamin.com/features/biz/how-to-name-your-company How To Name Your Company] — (strong consonants: B, C, D, G, K, P, Q, T) | ||
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*[http://www.clres.com/dict.html SIGLEX Resource Links] — by Special Interest Group on the Lexicon of the Association for Computational Linguistics | *[http://www.clres.com/dict.html SIGLEX Resource Links] — by Special Interest Group on the Lexicon of the Association for Computational Linguistics | ||
*[http://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/how-to-punctuate-a-sentence.html How to punctuate a sentence] | *[http://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/how-to-punctuate-a-sentence.html How to punctuate a sentence] | ||
− | *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/sfb378/negra-corpus/ NEGRA corpus] — a syntactically annotated corpus | + | *[http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/projects/sfb378/negra-corpus/ NEGRA corpus] — a syntactically annotated corpus of German newspaper texts |
− | of German newspaper texts | + | *[http://www.lexique.org/listes/liste_mots.txt liste_mots.txt] — from lexique.org (~130k words) |
+ | *[http://deafandblind.com/word_frequency.htm Word / letter frequencies] | ||
+ | *[http://www.mindpixel.com/ Mindpixel] | ||
+ | *[http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/ksd/MA/resources/greek_and_latin_roots/transition.html Greek and Latin roots] | ||
+ | *[http://www.dumblittleman.com/2007/07/50-tools-that-can-improve-your-writing.html 50 Tools that can Improve your Writing Skills] | ||
+ | *[http://www.fallacyfiles.org/taxonomy.html The Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies] | ||
+ | *[http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Square/3472/balzacmining.html Balzac Text Data Mining] | ||
+ | ===Tools/Resources=== | ||
+ | *[http://www.juiciobrennan.com/hyphenator/ Lyric Hyphenator] | ||
+ | *[http://www.wordscount.info/hw/syllable.jsp Syllable Counter] | ||
+ | *[http://www.wordscount.info/hw/smog.jsp SMOG Calculator] | ||
+ | ===Software=== | ||
+ | *[http://linguistlist.org/sp/Software.html Linguist List] | ||
===Wikipedia articles on Linguistics=== | ===Wikipedia articles on Linguistics=== | ||
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*[[wikipedia:Split infinitive|Split infinitive]] | *[[wikipedia:Split infinitive|Split infinitive]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:German spelling reform of 1996|German spelling reform of 1996]] | *[[wikipedia:German spelling reform of 1996|German spelling reform of 1996]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Zipf's law|Zipf's law]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Index of coincidence|Index of coincidence]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Frequency analysis (cryptanalysis)|Frequency analysis (cryptanalysis)]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Dependency grammar|Dependency grammar]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Bigram|Bigram]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Incremental encoding|Incremental encoding]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Syllable coda|Syllable coda]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:Phonotactics|Phonotactics]] | ||
====Lists==== | ====Lists==== | ||
*[[wikipedia:Category:English_words_spelled_with_diacritics_or_ligatures|Category:English words spelled with diacritics or ligatures]] | *[[wikipedia:Category:English_words_spelled_with_diacritics_or_ligatures|Category:English words spelled with diacritics or ligatures]] | ||
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*[[wikipedia:List of French phrases|List of French phrases]] | *[[wikipedia:List of French phrases|List of French phrases]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:List of French phrases used by English speakers|List of French phrases used by English speakers]] | *[[wikipedia:List of French phrases used by English speakers|List of French phrases used by English speakers]] | ||
+ | *[[wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_French_expressions_in_English|Glossary of French expressions in English]] | ||
*[[wikiquote:French proverbs|French proverbs]] | *[[wikiquote:French proverbs|French proverbs]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:List of German expressions in English|List of German expressions in English]] | *[[wikipedia:List of German expressions in English|List of German expressions in English]] | ||
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*[http://www.slovo.info/testuni.htm test page for UNICODE UTF-8 encoding] — no longer maintained. | *[http://www.slovo.info/testuni.htm test page for UNICODE UTF-8 encoding] — no longer maintained. | ||
*[[wikipedia:UTF-8]] | *[[wikipedia:UTF-8]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Algorithms=== | ||
+ | *[http://svn.pugscode.org/pugs/t/examples/99problems/ 99 Problems] | ||
+ | **'''P97 (**) Sudoku''': [http://www.norvig.com/sudoku.html Solving Every Sudoku Puzzle] — by Peter Norvig; in [[Python]] | ||
[[Category:Hobbies]] | [[Category:Hobbies]] |
Latest revision as of 21:54, 17 November 2019
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist or linguistician.
I am very interested in this field, but more of as a hobby than as a career. In any case, I will document what I learn about this field in this category.
I also speak a few languages and am learning more. Below is a list of the languages I speak either fluently or with a working knowledge (and continually improving):
- English (mother-tongue)
- German (college level)
- Spanish (college level)
Contents
George Orwell's writing advice
Note: From George Orwell's "Politics and the English Language" (see also: wikipedia:Politics and the English Language for background information).
A scrupulous writer, in every sentence that he writes, will ask himself at least four questions, thus:
- What am I trying to say?
- What words will express it?
- What image or idiom will make it clearer?
- Is this image fresh enough to have an effect?
And he will probably ask himself two more:
- Could I put it more shortly?
- Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly?
One can often be in doubt about the effect of a word or a phrase, and one needs rules that one can rely on when instinct fails. I think the following rules will cover most cases:
- Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
- Never use a long word where a short one will do.
- If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
- Never use the passive where you can use the active.
- Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
- Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
Double meaning
- The bandage was wound around the wound.
- The farm was used to produce produce.
- The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.
- We must polish the Polish furniture.
- He could lead if he would get the lead out.
- The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
- Since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present.
- A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum
- When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.
- I did not object to the object.
- The insurance was invalid for the invalid.
- There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.
- They were too close to the door to close it.
- The buck does funny things when the does are present.
- A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.
- To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.
- The wind was too strong to wind the sail.
- Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear.
- I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
- How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?
Useful language-learning sentences
see: How to Learn (But Not Master) Any Language in 1 Hour
- The apple is red.
- It is John's apple.
- I give John the apple.
- We give him the apple.
- He gives it to John.
- She gives it to him.
- I must give it to him.
- I want to give it to her.
External links
- Fowler's Modern English Usage
- The King's English — by H.W. Fowler[1]
- The Elements of Style (aka "Strunk & White")
- Plain Words — by Sir Ernest Gowers
- Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford
- The Oxford 3000 wordlist
- LEO
- Free On-Line Dictionary of Philosophy (aka "FOLDOP")
- Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing (aka "FOLDOC")
- Online Etymology Dictionary
- Word Spy
- Wordorigins.org
- Etymologically Speaking
- Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature: Etymologies
- AskOxford — a free online dictionary resource from OUP
- Linguistic Data Consortium
- The Link Grammar Parser — a syntactic parser of English, based on link grammar, an original theory of English syntax.
- The Latin Library
- Developing Linguistic Corpora: a Guide to Good Practice
- Wortschatz — Search in 17 Corpus-Based Monolingual Dictionaries (by the Universität Leipzig)
- UniLang Wiki — a database of language- and linguistic-related information
- WebCorp — The Web as a Corpus
- Calgary Corpus
- concordancer + utils — by Ralph Meyer of Princeton
- How To Name Your Company — (strong consonants: B, C, D, G, K, P, Q, T)
- Game of Circ
- SIGLEX Resource Links — by Special Interest Group on the Lexicon of the Association for Computational Linguistics
- How to punctuate a sentence
- NEGRA corpus — a syntactically annotated corpus of German newspaper texts
- liste_mots.txt — from lexique.org (~130k words)
- Word / letter frequencies
- Mindpixel
- Greek and Latin roots
- 50 Tools that can Improve your Writing Skills
- The Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies
- Balzac Text Data Mining
Tools/Resources
Software
Wikipedia articles on Linguistics
- Linguistics
- Category:English_grammar
- Oxford spelling
- N-gram
- Latin declension
- Concordancer
- KWIC
- AntConc — a freeware concordance program for Linux developed by Laurence Anthony.
- Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
- Toponymy
- Serial comma
- Split infinitive
- German spelling reform of 1996
- Zipf's law
- Index of coincidence
- Frequency analysis (cryptanalysis)
- Dependency grammar
- Bigram
- Incremental encoding
- Syllable coda
- Phonotactics
Lists
- Category:English words spelled with diacritics or ligatures
- Old English language (list of prepositions)
- List of English prepositions
- List of English irregular verbs
- List of frequently misused English words
- List of French phrases
- List of French phrases used by English speakers
- Glossary of French expressions in English
- French proverbs
- List of German expressions in English
- List of German words and phrases
- List of Greek phrases
- Category:Latin_phrases
- List of Latin abbreviations
- List of Latin phrases
- List of Latin words with English derivatives
- Internationally used French phrases
UTF-8
- The Unicode Character Code Charts By Script
- Unicode (UTF-8) test
- UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file — original by Markus Kuhn, adapted for HTML by Martin Dürst.
- test page for UNICODE UTF-8 encoding — no longer maintained.
- wikipedia:UTF-8
Algorithms
- 99 Problems
- P97 (**) Sudoku: Solving Every Sudoku Puzzle — by Peter Norvig; in Python
Pages in category "Linguistics"
The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total.